Which best describes the concept of eutrophication?

Eutrophication is best described as an increase in nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, which stimulates excessive growth of plants and algae in aquatic environments. This process often occurs when fertilizers, sewage, or other nutrient-rich runoff enters bodies of water. The heightened nutrient levels can lead to algal blooms, which may block sunlight and deplete oxygen in the water, negatively impacting fish and other aquatic life.

This explanation highlights the importance of nutrients in promoting plant growth and underscores how this natural process can escalate to environmental issues if nutrient levels become too high. The other options refer to concepts that are not directly related to the primary elements of eutrophication, such as water cleansing, water quality measurement, or soil erosion prevention techniques.