What role does sediment control have in construction projects affecting surface water?

Sediment control plays a crucial role in construction projects, especially when it comes to the protection of surface water quality. Preventing the release of sediment into nearby water bodies during land disturbance is vital because construction activities can significantly disturb the soil. When soil is disturbed, it can easily be washed away by rainfall or stormwater runoff, leading to sedimentation in rivers, lakes, and streams.

Excess sediment can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, including smothering aquatic habitats, decreasing light penetration necessary for photosynthesis, and increasing turbidity, which can harm fish and other wildlife. By implementing sediment control measures—such as silt fences, sediment basins, or temporary sediment filters—construction sites can effectively trap sediment on site. This ensures that water flowing from the site remains cleaner and protects the water quality of surrounding bodies.

In contrast, while enhancing aquatic habitat diversity and promoting water clarity for swimming are important environmental goals, they are not direct functions of sediment control practices. Similarly, increasing the speed of water flow is contrary to the objectives of sediment control, which aim to reduce erosion and maintain the natural flow and quality of water.