What outcome might result from excessive nutrient enrichment in water bodies?

Excessive nutrient enrichment in water bodies typically leads to a condition known as eutrophication, which is characterized by an overabundance of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. This surge in nutrients provides favorable conditions for the rapid growth of algae, resulting in algal blooms. These blooms can cover the surface of the water, blocking sunlight from reaching aquatic plants and disrupting the ecosystem.

As algae die and decompose, the process consumes a significant amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, which can lead to hypoxic conditions, harming aquatic life such as fish and invertebrates. Thus, algal blooms are a direct and well-documented consequence of nutrient pollution in aquatic environments. Understanding this process is crucial for managing water quality and protecting aquatic ecosystems.