What is one potential outcome of nutrient pollution?

Nutrient pollution, often characterized by the excess introduction of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus into water bodies, can lead to significant ecological changes, one of which is the proliferation of algae blooms. These blooms occur when nutrient levels in the water exceed what is needed for the growth of algae, often resulting in rapid increases in algal populations.

This excessive growth can absorb sunlight and deplete oxygen levels in the water when the algae die and decompose, which can harm aquatic life by creating 'dead zones' where oxygen is too low to support fish and other organisms. Algal blooms can also produce toxins that can impact drinking water quality and harm wildlife, further highlighting the detrimental effects of nutrient pollution.

In comparison, the other options do not accurately reflect the common consequences of nutrient pollution. Enhanced fish growth may occur in the short term due to increased food availability, but the long-term effects of algae blooms often harm aquatic ecosystems. Reduction in sedimentation and decrease in water temperature are not direct outcomes of nutrient pollution. Thus, the connection between nutrient pollution and harmful algae blooms clearly illustrates the significant environmental impact of nutrient runoff.